If the follicle isn’t developing, there is no increase in the estradiol levels (the follicle makes estradiol). This, in turn, will reduce the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and decreases the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH). Progestogen negative feedback works at the hypothalamus to decrease the pulse frequency of the gonadotropin-releasing hormone. The main mechanism of action is the prevention of ovulation they inhibit follicular development and prevent ovulation. Progesterone is primarily responsible for preventing pregnancy. Some formulations even have indications for the treatment of acne and hirsutism. OCs have also been reported to reduce the risk of colon cancer by 18%. Combined OC use decreases the risk of ovarian cancer by 27% the longer the duration of use, the greater the risk reduction. Strong epidemiologic evidence supports a 50% reduction in the risk of endometrial cancer among women who have used combined OCs compared with those who have never used combined OCs. The FDA has formally approved combined pills for acne for specific brands. OCP’s can be used to address other health conditions, particularly menstrual-related disorders such as menstrual pain, irregular menstruation, fibroids, endometriosis-related pain, and menstrual-related migraines. Most women take OCP’s to prevent pregnancy, but 14% use them for non-contraceptive reasons. Typical use, meaning the method may not always be used consistently or correctly, results in a failure rate of 9 women out of 100 that will become pregnant during the first year of using this method. Unfortunately, due to human error, the quoted failure rate for combined oral contraceptive pills is the typical use of 9%.
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